DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESILIENCE SCALE FOR UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS

Abstract

The purposes of this research are as follows: (1) to construct the resilience scale, (2) to validate the qualities of the resilience scale, and (3) to construct norms and cutting scores of the resilience scale. The samples consisted of 1,209 students selected by multi-stage random sampling. The instrument was the resilience scale which was the situational scale. Data were analyzed by using the classical test theory, the item response theory, percentile ranks, and normalized T-scores. The research findings were: (1) The resilience scale was first constructed with 30 situations each situation consisting of 3 items which measured three components of the resilience according to Grotberg’s model.  The face validity by IOC ranged from 0.60 to 1.00. The discrimination ranged from 0.23 to 0.64; (2) The qualities of the scale analyzed by item response theory with GRM model showed that discriminant parameters () ranged from 0.72 to 1.74, threshold 1 (₁) parameters ranged from -4.00 to -0.91, and threshold 2 (₂) parameters ranged from -1.84 to 0.53. The test information function had the highest value at low ability level (  = -1.60). (3) The norm of the resilience scale was developed using normalized T-scores with raw scores from 13 to 60. The percentile ranks in the norm ranged from 1 to 99. The normalized T-scores ranged from T18 to T72. The cutting score of Threshold 1 (₁) was -2.38, which was equal to 16 raw scores, and the cutting score of Threshold 2 (₂) was -0.63, which was equal to 41 raw scores.