Ms Warisara Kitkian

Equitable Access to Basic Social Welfare for Homeless People in Thailand

Abstract

Homelessness remains a critical global social issue, affecting millions and posing significant challenges to equitable access to basic social welfare. Although Thailand reports a relatively low rate of homelessness compared to other Southeast Asian nations, issues related to accessibility, economic disparity, and policy implementation persist. This study examines the factors influencing equitable access to social welfare for homeless individuals in Thailand, with a particular focus on socio-economic determinants, including employment rates, income inequality, government expenditure on education, and overall human development. A correlation analysis reveals significant relationships between homelessness and key socio-economic indicators, including the employment rate (-0.855), GINI index (-0.860), Human Development Index (0.883), and government expenditure on education (-0.860), underscoring the intricate interplay between economic policies and social stability. The findings suggest that expanding employment opportunities, ensuring equitable income distribution, increasing investment in education, and strengthening human development policies are essential in mitigating homelessness and improving access to social welfare. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive policy frameworks that integrate economic growth, education, and social protection measures to effectively address homelessness in Thailand. By tackling structural inequalities and fostering inclusive economic opportunities, Thailand can work towards a more sustainable and equitable social welfare system, ensuring that vulnerable populations have adequate access to essential services and opportunities for social and economic integration.

Keywords: Social Welfare Accessibility, Socio-Economic Determinants,  Employment Rate, Icome Inequality, Government Expenditure on Education, Human Development Index (HDI), Social Protection Policies, Economic Disparity, Sustainable Development, Inclusive Economic Growth