Political Evolution and Buddhist Adaptations: Exploring the Legacy of 19th-century Reforms in Thailand and Western

Abstract

The 19th century marked a significant juncture in the political evolution of Thailand, then known as Siam, characterized by encounters with Western powers and internal reforms under successive monarchs. This era witnessed a confluence of cultural and political dynamics, shaping the trajectory of Thai society. By examining the comparative approaches to cultural and political reform, specifically through the lenses of Buddhist and Western ideologies, this research aims to shed light on the complexities of governance and identity in 19th-century Thailand.