Bhikkhuni and Social Role in Sri Lanka

บทคัดย่อ

The Bhikkhuni Sangha, or the Buddhist order of fully ordained female monastics, has played a significant social and religious role in Sri Lanka since its establishment in the third century BCE by Sanghamitta Theri. Despite a historical decline and subsequent revival, the contributions of Bhikkhunis to Sri Lankan society remain substantial in religious, educational, and social welfare domains. This paper examines the historical development of the Bhikkhuni order in Sri Lanka, its social roles, and contemporary challenges. It also explores the impact of Bhikkhuni-led initiatives on education, healthcare, and women’s empowerment in Sri Lankan society. The research utilizes historical analysis and contemporary studies to highlight the evolving role of Bhikkhunis in the sociocultural landscape. The findings indicate that while Bhikkhunis continue to be instrumental in social and religious activities, challenges related to institutional recognition and societal acceptance persist. Addressing these issues is crucial for the full integration and empowerment of Bhikkhunis in modern Sri Lankan Buddhism.