Study And Analysis of The Practices of Bodhisattvas Between Mahayana and Theravada Traditions

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze the profound practice of the Bodhisattva, which is considered a central essence of Buddhism in both the Mahāyāna and Theravāda traditions. It focuses on understanding the noble ideal of selfless dedication to the welfare of all sentient beings, alongside the perfection of virtues (pāramī pāramitā) and meditative concentration (samādhi). In addition, it seeks to develop an innovative approach to practice that leads to peace and well-being for both the individual and society.

   The findings revealed that the practice approaches of bodhisattvas in Mahayana and Theravada share a common foundation in their primary goal: attaining Buddhahood and benefiting all sentient beings. However, they differ in emphasis, reflecting each tradition’s path. Mahayana focuses on cultivating the awakened mind (Buddha-mind) to assist others even before attaining Nirvana, guided mainly by the Six Paramitas generosity morality patience effort concentration and wisdom. In contrast Theravada emphasizes the continuous practice of the Ten Paramis over many lifetimes until attaining Buddhahood, after which one fully assists all beings. Both traditions agree that concentration (samadhi) is a fundamental basis for wisdom and compassion, but they differ in its application. Mahayana stresses concentration to realize emptiness (sunyata) and integrate it with great compassion (mahakaruna), whereas Theravada emphasizes concentration to perceive reality as it is and to relinquish the self (anatta). This study leads to the development of the “Integration Model of Paramis Samadhi Compassion (BIPM),” which connects the setting of resolve, the practice of paramis, and meditation with the practical application of compassion. The model aims to create a balanced harmony between inner spiritual development and concrete social altruism in a sustainable and effective manner.