Argumentation on Buddhist Principles in the Buddha’s Era

Abstract

This article aims to analyze and explain the role of argumentation in Buddhism, emphasizing that it is not merely a means of debate to win over opponents but rather a process of seeking truth and disseminating the Dhamma through reasoning. The Buddha and his disciples employed argumentation as a medium to clarify Buddhist principles, using logic, wisdom, and compassion to foster understanding and encourage correct practice. This article also discusses the socio-religious context of the Buddha’s era, a time when religious ideas and the caste system held significant influence. The Buddha challenged these prevailing notions through discourse and sermons, rejecting the caste system, highlighting the role of karma over birth status, and introducing the Middle Way as an alternative to self-mortification. Additionally, the article presents key instances where the Buddha engaged in debates with various sects and ideologies, demonstrating his method of argumentation that focused on fostering comprehension and liberation from suffering. In conclusion, argumentation in Buddhism serves as a crucial tool for propagating the Dhamma and cultivating wisdom, promoting a rational search for truth without prejudice. This approach remains valuable in modern times as a means of encouraging critical thinking and a deep understanding of Buddhist teachings.