An Analytical Study of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Heat-Related Illnesses in Outdoor Sports Among Lower Secondary School Students
Keywords:
Heat-Related Illness, Risky Behaviors, Heat Illness PreventionAbstract
Heat-related illness (HRI) has become an increasingly critical health concern among
adolescents in tropical climates. This mixed-methods study aimed to 1) identify risk factors contributing to heat-related illness during outdoor sports among lower secondary school students, 2) examine the relationship between risky behaviors and heat-illness symptoms, and 3) propose integrated preventive measures based on hydration knowledge, environmental
management, and warning-sign awareness.
A stratified random sample of 150 students from grades 7–9 at Wat Nongyai School, Bangkok, participated in the study. Research instruments included a questionnaire (CVI = 0.85; Cronbach’s α = 0.82) and semi-structured interview guidelines. Quantitative data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and ANOVA. Qualitative data were analyzed using Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis, which enhanced understanding of
contextual and behavioral factors associated with heat-related illness.
Findings revealed that 56.7% of students had moderate knowledge. Key risky behaviors included not drinking water before exercise (60.0%) and engaging in outdoor sports between 11:00–14:00 (11.0%). Pre-exercise hydration showed a negative correlation with heat-illness
symptoms (r = –0.52, p < 0.01), whereas participation during peak heat hours showed a positive correlation (r = 0.47, p < 0.01).
Recommended measures include increasing accessible cold-water stations, adjusting training schedules, and implementing Scenario-Based Training to enhance Self-Efficacy and Peer Support, which play crucial roles in reducing heat-related illness among students.
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