Influence of Music on the City Guardian Ritual at “Hor Khum Phu,” Champasak, Lao People's Democratic Republic

Abstract

This study examines the role of musical instruments and the ritual ensemble, as well as the repertoire performed in the Leang Ho Khamphu ceremony. A qualitative ethnographic approach was employed, using observation and in-depth interviews as the primary methods of data collection. The findings indicate that the ensemble —consisting of Ranad Ek, Ranad Thum, Khong Wong, Pi, Taphon, Klong That, Ching, Chap, Gong, and Klong Lhuk — functions as a sonic medium for communicating with the spiritual realm, forming a core component of the ritual. The repertoire is structured according to the ritual sequence, with each musical piece symbolically marking specific ceremonial stages. Notable pieces dedicated to individual Mahesak spirits include Krao Nok, Klom, and Orathai. Spiritual possession is mediated through designated trance specialists known locally as Phor Sang and Mae Lam, who serve as intermediaries between spirits and humans.