How to Code a Sandcastle: Fostering Children’s Computational Thinking through an Unplugged Coding Experience

Abstract

Computational thinking is a fundamental capability that equips individuals with critical 21^st century skills. It encompasses problem-solving, algorithmic reasoning, and a deep understanding of the logical and sequential processes involved in coding and problem solving generally. While often associated with digital technologies, young children can develop these skills through unplugged coding experiences that do not require screens or devices. This article presents the concept of computational thinking, the importance of introducing it to young children, and the ways in which an unplugged coding experience, “How to Code a Sandcastle”, fostered its development amongst a group of 4- and 5-year-old children. In framing the research, we delve into the foundations of constructivism and socio-cultural theory and, existing research in this field. Themes emerging from analysis of the video data capturing the children’s co-play, are presented as narrative style vignettes that highlight the potential of unplugged coding play to empower young children with computational thinking skills, setting the foundation for lifelong learning and problem-solving abilities.