Russian Buddhism: History, Development, and Contemporary Challenges

บทคัดย่อ

Buddhism in Russia represents a unique synthesis of Tibetan, Mongolic, and indigenous traditions, shaped by historical, political, and cultural influences. This review article examines the historical development of Buddhism in Russia, from its early presence among the Buryats, Kalmyks, and Tuvans to its official recognition in the Russian Empire. The Soviet era brought severe repression, leading to the destruction of monasteries and the persecution of Buddhist leaders. However, the post-Soviet period witnessed a revival, with the reconstruction of temples, renewed monastic practices, and increasing interest among ethnic Russians. The article also explores the geopolitical dimensions of Russian Buddhism, particularly its relationship with Tibet, China, and the Russian state. Additionally, the growing appeal of Buddhist philosophy and meditation among non-traditional practitioners in Russia is analyzed. By reviewing historical texts, governmental policies, and contemporary scholarly works, this study provides an overview of the resilience and transformation of Buddhism in Russia, positioning it within both national and global religious landscapes.