The Application of the Four Bases of Social Solidarity (Saṅgahavatthu) in Promoting Political Participation

Abstract

This research aims to explore how the Four Bases of Social Solidarity (Saṅgahavatthu)—namely, generosity (dāna), kind speech (piyavācā), beneficial conduct (atthacariyā), and impartiality (samānattatā)—can be applied to promote political participation within a democratic society. The study focuses on the roles of leaders, communities, and civil society in fostering mutual understanding, trust, and collaboration. Employing a qualitative research methodology, including in-depth interviews and content analysis, the findings indicate that the systematic application of the Four Bases of Social Solidarity can effectively enhance political participation. This is achieved by reducing conflict, encouraging constructive communication, and cultivating a sustainable culture of cooperation. The study offers policy-oriented recommendations and contributes to the development of theoretical and practical frameworks to strengthen participatory political culture in Thai democracy.