The Perspective of Religions Before and During the Buddhist Era

Abstract

This articles aims to study and analyze the religious perspectives before and during the Buddhist era to understand the development of religious concepts in ancient India. It compares the beliefs, teachings, and practices of various religions that influenced Indian society before the emergence of Buddhism, such as Brahmanism-Hinduism, Ajivika, and the philosophies of heterodox ascetics. Additionally, it examines the changes that occurred following the proclamation of the Buddha’s teachings. The study reveals that pre-Buddhist religious perspectives emphasized the caste system, sacrificial rituals, and the concept of an eternal soul (Atman). In contrast, Buddhism introduced distinct concepts such as Anatta (non-self), Tilakkhana (Three Marks of Existence), and the Noble Eightfold Path, which challenged existing beliefs and led to significant social and spiritual transformations. This research thus provides insights into the evolution of religions in ancient India and the influence of Buddhism on religious thought and society of that time.