Buddhism in South Vietnam: Reform and Contribution

Abstract

Buddhism has played a crucial role in the historical, cultural, and social development of South Vietnam, particularly during the 20th century. Amidst periods of political turmoil and colonial rule, Buddhist leaders initiated significant reforms to modernize monastic education, social engagement, and religious practices. These reforms were largely influenced by global Buddhist movements and local socio-political conditions. Additionally, Buddhism contributed to South Vietnamese society through education, social welfare, and resistance movements, particularly during the Vietnam War. This paper explores the key figures, institutions, and ideological shifts that shaped Buddhist reform in South Vietnam and examines its contributions to Vietnamese society. By analyzing historical records and scholarly discussions, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the dynamic relationship between Buddhism and South Vietnam’s socio-political landscape.