Buddhism in Sumatra

Abstract

Buddhism in Sumatra has played a significant role in shaping the island’s cultural, religious, and historical landscape. This study explores the historical development, influence, and contemporary presence of Buddhism in Sumatra, focusing on key periods from the Srivijaya Empire to the present day. The research aims to analyze the factors that contributed to the spread and decline of Buddhism in the region, including political, economic, and social influences. A qualitative research methodology was employed, utilizing historical analysis, textual studies, and fieldwork. The study population consisted of Buddhist communities, religious leaders, and historians specializing in Sumatran Buddhism. The sample group included monks, scholars, and practitioners from various Buddhist temples and institutions across Sumatra. Research tools included in-depth interviews, document analysis, and participant observation.

Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify patterns and key themes regarding the transformation of Buddhist traditions in Sumatra. The findings indicate that while Buddhism thrived during the Srivijaya period as a major center of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, its decline was influenced by the rise of Islam and shifts in political power. However, contemporary Buddhist communities continue to preserve their heritage through monastic education, cultural festivals, and interfaith dialogue. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of Sumatra’s religious diversity and provides insights into the resilience and adaptation of Buddhist traditions in a predominantly Muslim region.