The Sustainable Development of Buddhist Identity in Surin Province

Abstract

This article aims to 1) to study the concept of constructing Buddhist religious sites in Buddhism; (2) to explore the current state of Buddhist site construction in Surin Province; and (3) to analyze a model for establishing a Buddhist identity in Surin Province for sustainable development. The study employs documentary research, target group interviews, observation, and focus group discussion. The findings are presented using descriptive analysis. The study reveals that the construction of Buddhist religious sites initially stemmed from building shelters to facilitate the monks' Dhamma practice. These sites later evolve into the community's spiritual centers and cultural spaces. Rather than solely serving as venues for religious ceremonies, they function as learning hubs, centers for transmitting wisdom, and spaces for fostering unity, primarily emphasizing practical utility that enhances both the quality of life and spirituality. Regarding the current state of Buddhist site construction in Surin Province, the findings show unique characteristics that reflect the local cultural context. There is a harmonious blend of architectural wisdom between Thai and Khmer (Khom) arts, which is prominently visible in the design of arches, pagodas, principal Buddha images, as well as the selection of local materials. However, developing this identity currently requires a self-knowing process-exploring existing cultural capital to further elevate its prominence. The analysis of the model for establishing a Buddhist identity in Surin Province for sustainable development indicated that the most suitable approach is integrating three dimensions: (1) the Dhamma dimension, focusing on moral cultivation and Dhamma practice; (2) the cultural dimension, aimed at conserving local architecture and identity; and (3) the intellectual (wisdom) dimension, transforming temples into lifelong learning centers. The core mechanism for this is participatory management, which allows the community to co-own, plan, and maintain these sites. This ensures that Buddhist religious sites are not mere physical structures but serve to sustainably integrate religion into the community's way of life.