The Identity of Important Buddha Images in Phayao District

Abstract

This research article aims to analyze the identity of significant Buddha images in Mueang Phayao District through the lens of Buddhist art and local belief systems, along with the development of an analytical database to reflect the unique characteristics of each image. A qualitative research methodology is employed, including document analysis, in-depth interview, and field survey within Mueang Phayao District. The research results found that the Buddha images of the Phayao school have distinctive characteristics such as oval faces, downward-looking eyes, slightly smiling lips in the Phayao smile style, and flame-like halo, which are different from other schools of craftsmen in Lanna. These characteristics reflect the unique identity that results from the combination of local art with external influences. It believes that these images have been constructed during the 21^st–25^th Buddhist centuries, based on local legends and stylistic features, although exact dating still requires archaeological verification. These images are built by ruling elites or devoted local communities. The most outstanding image is Phra Chao Ton Luang at Wat Si Khom Kham, made of Mon bricks mixed with lime, lacquered and gilded, measuring 14 meters wide and 16 meters high—making it the largest Buddha image in Northern Thailand. The material analysis found a variety of media used, including bronze, metal, and sandstone, reflecting the craftsmanship of the Phayao artisan school with unique local styles. Most images depict the Maravijaya posture. Socially, these Buddha images play important roles in local rituals and religious festivals. In addition, participation by local artisans and monks in their construction has led to intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge and raised awareness for heritage preservation. The study concludes that the Buddha images of Phayao serve as symbols of faith, wisdom, and Lanna artistry, with Phra Chao Ton Luang standing as a key representation of artistic and socio-cultural identity that unites the local community.