Humanism in Confucian Philosophy

Abstract

This academic article aims to study humanism in Confucian philosophy. From the study, it is found that humanism in Confucian philosophy emphasizes the nature of perfect humanity. Human beings have to have their own morality and live together peacefully with themselves and others. The ideal human beings can be classified into two types: 1) sage: someone who is determined to do good, is perfect in morality and gentle. The important characteristics of a sage are being someone who helps the world, is a problem solver and relieves human suffering. 2) Superior man or gentleman: someone who trains and develops himself with morality from within and good examples from outside. Confucian humanism consists of 1) appreciation for education, 2) appreciation for work, 3) appreciation for moderation, 4) appreciation for the connection between humanism, theism, and fate, and 5) appreciation for songs and music. The body of knowledge from this study found that the concept of humanism in Confucian philosophy is the principle of developing potential and quality of life in 5 aspects: (1) the pursuit of knowledge, (2) the use of knowledge and ability to create benefits, (3) the moderation in life, (4) the thinking in connecting with traditional customs, and (5) the cultural aesthetics. These aspects are based on the framework of the 7 principles of virtues, namely Yi, Ren, Chung, Shu, Li, Qi, and Ming, in order to achieve sage and superior man.