Geographical Characteristics Related to Prehistoric Settlement in Chi-Mun River Basin Civilization, Roi Et Province

Abstract

This research aims to 1) study the geographical characteristics and prehistoric traces found in Roi Et Province and 2) analyze the geographical features that contributed to the civilization of the Chi–Mun River Basin on the northeastern plateau of Thailand. Qualitative study is employed as a research methodology through survey in physical geography, examination of prehistoric sites, and artifacts collection at the Roi Et National Museum. The data analysis is performed through review of related documents and empirical data. The study findings show that 1) Roi Et Province has diverse geographic features, including mountains, foothills, highlands, and river plains, with the highland areas occupying across the region; prehistoric evidence reveals human settlement, community formation, and distinctive cultural traits-Roi Et-style pottery, the practice of secondary burial, in which human bones are kept in capsule ceramic containers. 2) Geographic features that shape the emergence of the Chi-Mun River Basin Civilization consists of 5 factors in the followings: (1) fertile location within the Chi–Mun River system; (2) rich sources of animal-based food, including aquatic and wild animals; (3) abundance of plants and crops essential for daily subsistence; (4) an extensive plain of the northeastern plateau; and (5) plentiful natural mineral resources such as salt and iron. Overall, the study highlights the diversity of Roi Et’s landscape, fertile river plains, and abundant natural resources, which make it a favorable environment for human settlement, contributing from prehistoric times to the present.