The Way of Life and the Role of Those Who Have Attainment of the Dhamma in Theravada Buddhism

Abstract

This Research aims to 1) Study the attainment of the Dhamma by laypeople in Theravāda Buddhism, 2) Examine the way of life and the role of laypeople who have attained the Dhamma in Theravāda Buddhism, and 3) Analyze the way of life and the role of laypeople who have attained the Dhamma in Theravāda Buddhism. This research is qualitative, using documentary research methods.

The findings revealed that

1. The attainment of Dhamma by laypeople in Theravāda Buddhism is a process of self-training through morality (Sīla), concentration (Samādhi), and wisdom (Paññā), until one can gradually abandon defilements and attachment to self. This begins with listening to and practicing the principles of the graduated discourse (Anupubbīkathā) and the Four Noble Truths (Ariya-Sacca). Through this, one can attain various levels of enlightenment, from Stream-enterer (Sotāpanna) to Arahant. Each level is associated with the abandonment of fetters that bind the mind. Even as a layperson, one can attain liberation just like a monastic, if one practices correctly and consistently.
2. Laypeople who have attained the Dhamma live according to moral principles such as observing the five precepts, practicing meditation, giving alms, and following the three grounds of meritorious action. They play an important role in spreading the Dhamma and being good role models in society. Notable examples include the wealthy merchant Anāthapiṇḍika and the great laywoman Visākhā.
3. The way of life before and after Dhamma attainment changes profoundly. Before attainment, laypeople follow the fourfold assembly, focusing on accumulating merit and faith. After attainment, they live peacefully, calmly, and help others approach the Dhamma. Thus, the attainment of Dhamma by laypeople not only contributes to personal development but also benefits family, society, and Buddhism, affirming the possibility of liberation from suffering and the attainment of Nibbāna for anyone who strictly follows the Dhamma teachings.