THE PROMOTION OF LEARNING SKILLS IN THE 21ST CENTURY BASED ON THE BUDDHIST INTEGRATION

Abstract

The obfectives of this research were 1) to study the concepts and theories on the promotion of learning skills in the 21^st century; 2) to study the concepts and theories on the promotion of learning skills in Buddhism; 3) to study the promotion of learning skills in the 21^stcentury based on the Buddhist integration. This was a documentary research from the Tipitaka, books, articles, documents and related research works. The studies were found as follows;

1) The learning skills in the 21^st century refers to the enhancement of the learning management efficiency by focusing on the knowledge, skills, expertise, and competencies that are created by the learners under the framework for combining knowledge on specific skills, specialization, and knowledge of various fields together, in order for learners to succeed in both work and life in today's changing society that everyone must learn throughout their lives by employing the learning model of 3R X 7C 3R.

2) The learning skills in Buddhism refers to the teaching and learning method according to the reality of life in order to know how to learn by themselves by starting from suffering (Dukkha), the cause of the suffering (Samudaya), the cessation of the suffering (Nirodha), and the path leading to the cessation of suffering (Magga). The Buddha's teaching aim to let the learners realize the value of learning through practice, conversation through natural media, understand teaching which the learners want to learn and put on practice by themselves, faith and satisfaction building in the learning that leads to the development on the four aspects based on Buddhism, namely, physical, moral, emotional and intellectual. Therefore, the learning based on "Buddhist methods" was the prototype of 21^st century learning.

3) The promotion of learning skills in the 21^st century must be the process of passing on the knowledge by an active learning method for the learners to develop by action and practice. Moreover, the teaching method should be indirect socialization rather than direct socialization. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen skills using the Buddhist doctrines as an important tool to integrate with the promotion of learning skills of humans who will have to confront the rapidly changing social conditions in the 21^st century, under the 7Cs skill framework. The Buddhist doctrines for integration are as follows: the Four Paths of Accomplishment (Iddhipāda), the Four Noble Truths (Ariyasacca); Truth Investigation (Dhammavicaya); Kālāma Sutta; Mindfulness and Awareness (Sati-sampajañña); the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihāra); the Seven Qualities of a Good Man (Sappurisa-dhamma); the Three Kinds of Knowledge (Paññā); Inducement by Others (Paratoghosa); Analytical Reflection (Yonisomanasikāra); Non-Negligence (Appamāda); the Threefold Training (Trisikkhā); the Six Channels of Growth (Vaḍḍhana-mukha); the Four Virtues which should be established in the mind (Adhiṭṭhāna); Concentration Development (Samathabhāvanā); and Insight Development (Vipassanā-bhāvanā). It will be a protective shield for the mind to become stronger and to see the world with understanding, knowingly and harmoniously with all human beings for living together happily.